See taunen in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"at-",
"at-#Middle_English"
],
[
"aunen",
"aunen#Middle_English"
],
[
"tônen",
"tonen#Middle_Dutch"
],
[
"*taugna",
"Reconstruction:Old Norse/taugna"
],
[
"*taugnōn",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/taugnōn"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "at-",
"3": "aunen"
},
"expansion": "at- + aunen",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gml",
"3": "-",
"nocap": "1",
"nocat": "1"
},
"expansion": "calque from Middle Low German",
"name": "calque"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "tônen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch tônen",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Either formed in Middle English from at- + aunen, possibly as a calque from Middle Low German or Middle Dutch tônen, or from a lost Old Norse verb *taugna cognate to *taugnōn.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "tauneth",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "taunende",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "taunynge",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "tauned",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"participle",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "taunen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to taunen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "taune",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tauned",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "taunede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "taunest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "taunedest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tauneth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tauned",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "taunede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "taune",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "tauned",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "taunede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "taune",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "taunen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "taune",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "tauneden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tauned",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "taunede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tauneth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "taune",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "taunynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "taunende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "tauned",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "thaunen",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "tawwnenn",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Ormulum"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "taunen",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"stem": "taun"
},
"expansion": "taunen (third-person singular simple present tauneth, present participle taunende, taunynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle tauned)",
"name": "enm-verb"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "rare"
},
"expansion": "(rare)",
"name": "tlb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "aun",
"inf2": "0",
"pf": "t"
},
"name": "enm-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"To show or demonstrate."
],
"id": "en-taunen-enm-verb-9jl9VD-r",
"links": [
[
"show",
"show"
],
[
"demonstrate",
"demonstrate"
]
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "30 70",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 69",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English terms prefixed with at-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 69",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 80",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To show up; to reveal oneself."
],
"id": "en-taunen-enm-verb-sahI5AhB",
"links": [
[
"show up",
"show up"
],
[
"reveal",
"reveal"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(reflexive) To show up; to reveal oneself."
],
"tags": [
"rare",
"reflexive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈtau̯nən/"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Old Norse"
],
"word": "taunen"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English rare terms",
"Middle English terms prefixed with at-",
"Middle English verbs",
"Middle English weak verbs",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"at-",
"at-#Middle_English"
],
[
"aunen",
"aunen#Middle_English"
],
[
"tônen",
"tonen#Middle_Dutch"
],
[
"*taugna",
"Reconstruction:Old Norse/taugna"
],
[
"*taugnōn",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/taugnōn"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "at-",
"3": "aunen"
},
"expansion": "at- + aunen",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gml",
"3": "-",
"nocap": "1",
"nocat": "1"
},
"expansion": "calque from Middle Low German",
"name": "calque"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "tônen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch tônen",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Either formed in Middle English from at- + aunen, possibly as a calque from Middle Low German or Middle Dutch tônen, or from a lost Old Norse verb *taugna cognate to *taugnōn.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "tauneth",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "taunende",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "taunynge",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "tauned",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"participle",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "taunen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to taunen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "taune",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tauned",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "taunede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "taunest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "taunedest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tauneth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tauned",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "taunede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "taune",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "tauned",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "taunede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "taune",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "taunen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "taune",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "tauneden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tauned",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "taunede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tauneth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "taune",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "taunynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "taunende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "tauned",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "thaunen",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "tawwnenn",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Ormulum"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "taunen",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"stem": "taun"
},
"expansion": "taunen (third-person singular simple present tauneth, present participle taunende, taunynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle tauned)",
"name": "enm-verb"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "rare"
},
"expansion": "(rare)",
"name": "tlb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "aun",
"inf2": "0",
"pf": "t"
},
"name": "enm-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"To show or demonstrate."
],
"links": [
[
"show",
"show"
],
[
"demonstrate",
"demonstrate"
]
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English reflexive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To show up; to reveal oneself."
],
"links": [
[
"show up",
"show up"
],
[
"reveal",
"reveal"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(reflexive) To show up; to reveal oneself."
],
"tags": [
"rare",
"reflexive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈtau̯nən/"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Old Norse"
],
"word": "taunen"
}
Download raw JSONL data for taunen meaning in Middle English (4.7kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-10-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (1a05e46 and e3d6d4e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.